{"id":"W4406617275","doi":"10.1145/3712707","title":"Investigating the Progression of the Mental Models Formed by Programmers Learning Parallel Programming","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACM Transactions on Computing Education","topic":"Teaching and Learning Programming","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Fredericton; University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Mental model; Mathematics education; Programming language; Theoretical computer science; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Cognitive science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008025159,0.0007584973,0.0003645797,0.001211507,0.00100968,0.006548953,0.001224304,0.00125138,0.001520939],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05687503,0.0009030922,0.0008406097,0.0006006005,0.003213682,0.007156389,0.003144806,0.004466637,0.0002764113],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001676784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001965581,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002701673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003065772,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9941901,0.003201984,0.0001222378,0.0006140798,0.001517629,0.0003540729],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9492825,0.0329578,0.006032596,0.00450394,0.005284217,0.001938889],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005364805,0.001168322,0.1964755,0.0004090478,0.0002023789,0.0003855426,0.577072,0.008874058,0.03583027,0.02376535,0.001624927,0.1536562],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002027671,0.003134928,0.2654402,0.0008829338,0.0003599286,0.001614015,0.4454314,0.1283255,0.03827428,0.08122046,0.03409784,0.001015764],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9611642,0.00008316484,0.03467939,0.0004134189,0.00001141357,0.00006850949,0.00002017663,0.00009986103,0.003459846],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9795727,0.0001554171,0.0190005,0.00007866523,0.000004790755,0.00009814352,0.0000825188,0.00003858906,0.0009687272],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008025159,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04244161,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01845903829121145,"score_gpt":0.3059630879265255,"score_spread":0.2875040496353141,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}