{"id":"W4406640136","doi":"10.1016/j.tate.2025.104938","title":"Upward responsibility and downward accountability: Characteristics and causes of non-teaching workload on Chinese rural teachers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Teaching and Teacher Education","topic":"Global Education and Multiculturalism","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Institute on Governance","funders":"","keywords":"Workload; Accountability; Psychology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Political science; Economics; Management; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007301676,0.0001851325,0.0002014071,0.001195081,0.001496177,0.001119886,0.0006808927,0.0004826309,0.002891945],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004471593,0.0003323668,0.0003154847,0.001491887,0.0009829547,0.0005789459,0.001076001,0.0006399475,0.0002647763],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00201343,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004472376,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04565684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05279197,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987411,0.0002386576,0.000123245,0.0001094829,0.0002746749,0.0005128378],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9930786,0.001313473,0.002226835,0.0002033627,0.0009628221,0.002214875],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004110471,0.00006885817,0.9908868,0.000009312136,0.000004877868,0.0002400853,0.006045084,0.00002638686,0.0002503382,0.0000949904,0.00009708541,0.002234997],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001324899,0.00002155923,0.9878482,0.000004889081,0.000003398353,0.000103413,0.01171928,0.00005605554,0.00004167068,0.00003795386,0.0001579647,0.000004299499],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993652,0.00002529727,0.00001155952,0.00006019713,0.000001908758,0.000003559394,0.00001738722,8.968584e-7,0.0005141041],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997649,0.00002128581,0.000009163158,0.000008101527,0.000002706946,0.000002697164,0.00001731903,8.239312e-7,0.0001730095],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04565684,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09078223,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01548295923289791,"score_gpt":0.3776918918789184,"score_spread":0.3622089326460205,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}