{"id":"W4406642268","doi":"10.5539/elt.v18n2p31","title":"The Necessity of Digital Tools for Israeli Arab EFL Students: Benefits and Challenges","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Mathematics education; Pedagogy; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006940413,0.0002971358,0.0002672187,0.001027941,0.003938592,0.01048649,0.0007118878,0.001557956,0.003262067],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009877113,0.0002360032,0.0001834866,0.001067708,0.00516011,0.006236783,0.004692445,0.001416998,0.0005447912],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001921601,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004606838,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00181692,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004093577,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954916,0.002645245,0.0001737773,0.0002101078,0.0009669244,0.000512395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9913256,0.005375464,0.0007335746,0.000326875,0.001229721,0.001008735],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002037321,0.00066486,0.0715662,0.001324555,0.00002674657,0.002258221,0.3881431,0.0002147692,0.004682987,0.05658987,0.004028205,0.4702967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001732822,0.0002637453,0.02229087,0.001140181,0.00003051313,0.0009800787,0.8967951,0.0003012216,0.001547008,0.006693798,0.06989882,0.00004135188],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9351872,0.00305659,0.001155242,0.01047278,0.00007280243,0.0000453899,0.00002967961,0.00002055289,0.04995979],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9950597,0.001697933,0.0009192117,0.0004646357,0.00002203378,0.00002258854,0.00001061128,0.000005770549,0.001797503],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01048649,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03670484,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03022136188792665,"score_gpt":0.2717938172186148,"score_spread":0.2415724553306881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}