{"id":"W4406657854","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.159694","title":"Research advances in doped carbon electrocatalysts derived from biomass","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Journal","topic":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","field":"Energy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Biomass (ecology); Carbon fibers; Doping; Environmental science; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Environmental chemistry; Waste management; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Engineering; Geology; Oceanography; Optoelectronics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004600126,0.0003885049,0.0003141233,0.0004975394,0.0001706229,0.0008238923,0.0003517748,0.0005624882,0.001264301],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003673753,0.000178528,0.0002828292,0.0009200655,0.00027703,0.001208193,0.0002776241,0.0006192689,0.0004787607],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004714298,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005026794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006210983,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001143489,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998234,0.00001828119,0.00001889372,0.00004692933,0.00006446878,0.00002802492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997289,0.00007020405,0.00002766101,0.00002545097,0.0001274098,0.00002043134],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001648078,0.0001145583,0.0006502015,0.001623813,0.00004260546,0.0002124132,0.0001133239,0.0006144059,0.8944643,0.007040949,0.001197999,0.09376051],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001088548,0.0002625121,0.002032054,0.0001142107,0.00006610958,0.000485147,0.0001461196,0.002317272,0.9073787,0.001561142,0.08560519,0.00002066074],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5292974,0.3953044,0.01764031,0.002882665,0.001304366,0.00005014748,0.0004832278,0.0001564789,0.05288106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7407076,0.2274719,0.01288967,0.000605208,0.000491691,0.00002067796,0.0008366666,0.00006374442,0.01691292],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001264301,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004229546,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007678117920752249,"score_gpt":0.2561270362563131,"score_spread":0.2484489183355608,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}