{"id":"W4406674094","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108530","title":"Carbon rotation ages and the offset measurement conundrum: An extended review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Economics","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Trinity Western University; University of Victoria; Western University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Offset (computer science); Rotation (mathematics); Carbon fibers; Natural resource economics; Economics; Geodesy; Geography; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003787001,0.001017085,0.001763374,0.005064358,0.0004394584,0.002644404,0.001741324,0.002022082,0.005142918],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01059158,0.0006843249,0.001559309,0.008861646,0.001079963,0.005366337,0.001204203,0.00212293,0.001183458],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001835138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004207918,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004873622,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004213623,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985802,0.0003175739,0.0002428539,0.0003555832,0.0004248835,0.00007897399],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9893671,0.007301972,0.001251798,0.0002357927,0.001680659,0.0001626665],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001224675,0.00006257105,0.001388423,0.05378724,0.0003046654,0.0001495449,0.0002165967,0.001289741,0.0003947664,0.02208539,0.02323218,0.8969664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001363552,0.0001162826,0.003594507,0.04359239,0.0006249924,0.0007847011,0.0002529006,0.000339707,0.0004969573,0.008408627,0.941712,0.00006333119],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001584388,0.9984099,0.000237949,0.0003421246,0.0002295765,0.000004380439,0.000034121,0.000003782168,0.000579716],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002515545,0.9960243,0.0003832979,0.0003296132,0.0003809959,0.000009221908,0.00006224934,0.000006032368,0.0002887379],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005142918,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02002782,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0109481499652355,"score_gpt":0.2107755223063632,"score_spread":0.1998273723411277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}