{"id":"W4406696246","doi":"10.1080/14725843.2025.2454303","title":"World cities of the global south: the West African city as an international actor","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"African Identities","topic":"Urban and Rural Development Challenges","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Political science; Geography; Development economics; Economic geography; Economy; Political economy; Sociology; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001188975,0.0003677348,0.0001587247,0.001184832,0.01004904,0.009600901,0.0002976859,0.001702554,0.003728761],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001003791,0.0003082302,0.0001848198,0.002842623,0.01099275,0.007930412,0.007482528,0.002590676,0.0002258333],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004116056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004757547,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02212113,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05472098,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992392,0.0004059945,0.00001262826,0.00004401957,0.00004337217,0.0002548298],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999449,0.0001682177,0.0001003774,0.00004166934,0.00003912241,0.0002018003],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003896902,0.00002918116,0.01097998,0.000127129,0.000008501708,0.001625576,0.2401537,0.0002569323,0.0003852568,0.7111887,0.01404081,0.02116526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009402437,0.00002125851,0.00965498,0.0004374999,0.00001569856,0.000572629,0.52608,0.0003396953,0.0002206539,0.04047535,0.4221457,0.0000270154],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6123487,0.01329287,0.00225497,0.08412785,0.0006132089,0.00006969352,0.00009253959,0.0000213868,0.2871788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9777849,0.005643648,0.0006630806,0.001847411,0.00005922317,0.00003860166,0.0000229363,0.00001816398,0.01392213],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02212113,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04398477,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02884255031310053,"score_gpt":0.3014883770298886,"score_spread":0.2726458267167881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}