{"id":"W4406705710","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2025/v37i15710","title":"Unveiling Trends: A 5-Year Analysis of Non-emergency Visits to the Emergency Department Amidst Primary Care Challenges in the USA and Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","topic":"Emergency and Acute Care Studies","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Red Deer Polytechnic; Conestoga College","funders":"","keywords":"Overcrowding; Emergency department; Triage; Medicine; Crowding; Pandemic; Psychological intervention; Health care; Medical emergency; Family medicine; Primary care; Demography; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Nursing; Disease; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001031328,0.0003793643,0.0005142493,0.003301511,0.001806441,0.001541792,0.001198327,0.0005752419,0.001338885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00274913,0.0003060417,0.001122358,0.008708606,0.0004782439,0.0005458744,0.001116062,0.0009819972,0.000184425],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01646277,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02887309,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9902542,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9925172,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988769,0.00008416712,0.0001067788,0.0001518108,0.000370685,0.0004097082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964852,0.0002125958,0.0006939296,0.0001101478,0.00176978,0.0007282744],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005176495,0.00002559669,0.9964987,0.00003003656,0.00009433983,0.00007054934,0.0002360133,0.0001108831,0.00004718627,0.0000487787,0.0008163353,0.001969735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002552093,0.0000168923,0.9981665,0.00001894738,0.00003003288,0.00004155381,0.0008548185,0.0003485827,0.00002380745,0.000008885019,0.0004820823,0.000005421533],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9817623,0.001156571,0.0001639729,0.0003467552,0.0000136348,0.00006553868,0.01499935,0.00001550499,0.00147624],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908566,0.0008035657,0.000251954,0.0001220975,0.000007542529,0.00002211401,0.007486485,0.000007998968,0.0004415735],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01646277,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1194463,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04925543087191508,"score_gpt":0.4454003217252106,"score_spread":0.3961448908532955,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}