{"id":"W4406711947","doi":"10.1016/j.jaap.2025.106970","title":"The fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of biosolids with alum sludge and wheat straw","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis","topic":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"RMIT University","keywords":"Biosolids; Pyrolysis; Alum; Straw; Biochar; Sewage sludge; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Agronomy; Organic chemistry; Sewage treatment; Biology; Inorganic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006525534,0.000263919,0.0007532485,0.0002078797,0.0003470959,0.0001149468,0.0002566284,0.0001107838,0.0001189842],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002666767,0.0001588242,0.0001213517,0.0006278304,0.001730377,0.0002082418,0.0001606508,0.000321644,9.708283e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003711193,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002946607,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001067613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001959903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977929,0.00007153172,0.0006958875,0.000358433,0.0006761237,0.0004051234],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987869,0.0003244771,0.0003117742,0.0002391142,0.0000511187,0.0002866058],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002280912,0.0002475627,0.4422248,0.0002530973,0.001417927,0.00002605637,0.001378977,0.0001886297,0.4437789,0.001305635,0.0002355817,0.1066619],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005266479,0.0009244218,0.6895818,0.0002502237,0.00204406,0.0001242021,0.006130007,0.002019698,0.2884194,0.001779564,0.002699481,0.0007606317],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9830988,0.01327849,0.00008372962,0.0009222278,0.00001246018,0.0001214302,0.00001726488,0.000005014298,0.002460549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9898574,0.009431901,0.0002448568,0.00004602251,0.00002745419,0.000004240971,9.851515e-7,0.00001125165,0.0003758305],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.247357,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6476662,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007495066771903347,"score_gpt":0.2498816544632404,"score_spread":0.2423865876913371,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}