{"id":"W4406716298","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5036270","title":"The Rise of Industrial AI in America","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Business","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02970942,0.0001901298,0.000422635,0.0007030893,0.000289795,0.0007128051,0.003911492,0.0001467311,0.00002903347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004770984,0.0001160666,0.0002641965,0.001301775,0.0001937033,0.00009661184,0.002215792,0.005119657,0.00003137314],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006247089,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006417587,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003829314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001231772,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9939334,0.0007464244,0.00135474,0.0006417223,0.001704701,0.001619056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960249,0.001233127,0.0009544854,0.001420734,0.0003050229,0.00006169432],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008244687,0.00006359551,0.002069548,0.000002316592,0.00009476182,0.000002896205,0.0001583472,0.003736275,0.000001910072,0.02085184,0.04005582,0.9328802],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004793553,0.0000714411,0.0003795124,0.0001033869,0.00002783037,0.000009137923,0.002443085,0.005931685,0.000006133006,0.7833769,0.2070251,0.0001464504],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.474103,0.04627453,0.2616548,0.09907586,0.06322176,0.003487791,0.0002987109,0.0001920081,0.05169154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9699154,0.004427822,0.0001721871,0.0001820459,0.0007169459,0.00001258214,0.000007831486,0.00001302497,0.02455215],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9327338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992151,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08047950807659185,"score_gpt":0.3848512911300517,"score_spread":0.3043717830534599,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}