{"id":"W4406731034","doi":"10.23912/9781915097415-5846","title":"Fraud","year":2024,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Goodfellow Publishers eBooks","topic":"Sports Analytics and Performance","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"International Development Research Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Business","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004606404,0.0005478636,0.0008584336,0.0007161137,0.0001095823,0.001288396,0.0005958043,0.0006837423,0.007851846],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001038161,0.0006146143,0.0005663527,0.0000452878,0.0001547915,0.0003534186,0.0001870536,0.0009256513,0.009138879],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001814233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007438428,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001278062,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004742088,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973859,0.000001267207,0.001018676,0.0009789168,0.0001166482,0.0004986292],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982648,0.00002140846,0.0005208599,0.0009110306,0.00005604899,0.0002258068],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003802362,0.000006017414,0.00007310881,0.00008430999,0.0002262045,0.0000480033,0.0001109512,0.000008865116,2.119652e-7,0.8162151,0.1810342,0.002189251],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001156733,0.00003196339,0.000009291265,0.00007463938,0.00003163765,0.000006217816,0.000007421701,0.0003854746,0.000001691553,0.3056697,0.6931575,0.0005087522],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003709196,0.005163548,0.00006985893,0.0003912591,0.003221258,0.0002472884,0.0003100764,0.00018714,0.9903725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01065543,0.0001043991,0.00007221014,0.0006860145,0.001005208,0.00001752993,0.0001401409,0.0002195389,0.9870995],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5121233,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997483,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03261801127656425,"score_gpt":0.1896733320456389,"score_spread":0.1570553207690747,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}