{"id":"W4406740262","doi":"10.1039/d4na00943f","title":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of metal oxide nanoparticles: chemical composition, oxidation state and functional group content","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nanoscale Advances","topic":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":35,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Oxidation state; Oxide; Metal; Nanoparticle; Chemical state; Composition (language); Chemistry; Group (periodic table); Chemical composition; Materials science; Inorganic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001617542,0.00029666,0.0001304719,0.0004152412,0.0002025313,0.0002235515,0.0002188971,0.000357537,0.002796445],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000215378,0.0001704861,0.0001309581,0.0003997007,0.0001147343,0.0002021252,0.0001148534,0.0002755708,0.0004094219],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000125199,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007625321,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006199648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001247965,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999189,0.000008035565,0.000005054423,0.00002176722,0.00003493108,0.00001126898],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999393,0.00001694522,0.000008255282,0.000006919374,0.00002294906,0.00000560029],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005702807,0.00001317034,0.0004922731,0.00003961405,0.000006548456,0.00003550117,0.00002639214,0.00004277736,0.9972078,0.00005422587,0.00006663938,0.001957892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003151928,0.0000576228,0.012191,0.000008026534,0.00001596133,0.0002148541,0.00005826019,0.0008623811,0.984761,0.00007991021,0.001742313,0.000005542051],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9799382,0.001614922,0.01161426,0.00008073652,0.00002936572,0.00003451973,0.001237633,0.0002090303,0.00524138],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9799743,0.0009803718,0.01018376,0.00009717008,0.000005267005,0.00003927517,0.001794992,0.00004246642,0.006882411],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002796445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009355009,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007866350361929559,"score_gpt":0.2071460227670548,"score_spread":0.1992796724051253,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}