{"id":"W4406749297","doi":"10.1088/1361-665x/adadcc","title":"Piezoelectric energy harvesting: a review of energy sources, structures, and working mechanisms in high-frequency excitations and operations","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Smart Materials and Structures","topic":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Piezoelectricity; Energy harvesting; Energy (signal processing); Acoustics; Engineering; Materials science; Engineering physics; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002269793,0.0005303784,0.001578362,0.0006708499,0.0001288094,0.0001465662,0.0002228381,0.0003741589,0.00002115181],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003587045,0.0004461217,0.00004619466,0.0007590834,0.0001345092,0.00009989035,0.0001700445,0.0002067974,5.223859e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004574611,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009888393,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006340103,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002896004,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980332,0.0001765933,0.0009277659,0.0004308682,0.0001307408,0.0003008146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991928,0.0001983977,0.0002036854,0.0002982861,0.00006536774,0.00004141929],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001103575,0.000002820694,0.000004170891,0.0456235,0.00008431444,0.000006748745,0.00001889613,0.00002896242,0.0004696368,0.5383601,0.00006416436,0.4153355],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001160274,0.0002478228,0.001005457,0.2985557,0.00176609,0.0004756082,0.00005421025,0.0001357157,0.00537042,0.4435924,0.2435587,0.004077583],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000907268,0.996361,0.001709871,0.00001750459,0.000341373,0.0002294869,0.0001242121,0.0001716233,0.0001376169],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01202408,0.977748,0.009661197,0.00004610552,0.00005645585,0.0001410638,0.0002219342,0.00005307938,0.00004804799],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.411258,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997991,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0169788608788983,"score_gpt":0.245645671417737,"score_spread":0.2286668105388387,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}