{"id":"W4406760651","doi":"10.3390/act14020049","title":"A Study of the Stability of an Industrial Robot Servo System: PID Control Based on a Hybrid Sparrow Optimization Algorithm","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Actuators","topic":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"PID controller; Stability (learning theory); Control engineering; Control theory (sociology); Servomechanism; Computer science; Robot; Servo control; Sparrow; Industrial robot; Engineering; Servo; Control (management); Artificial intelligence; Temperature control; Machine learning; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000502843,0.0001832986,0.0004568089,0.0001159533,0.00004380684,0.00001332178,0.0002839728,0.00008338543,0.000009680799],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001834041,0.0001412521,0.0000891275,0.0003066592,0.00003470493,0.00008892781,0.0000230589,0.000177718,8.35287e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001759633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001032131,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001429081,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003191508,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984705,0.0003214581,0.0005303695,0.0002023101,0.0003171041,0.0001582061],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987926,0.00023638,0.0001660629,0.000608124,0.0001486835,0.00004817665],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001309691,0.0003610871,0.005552089,0.0000962105,0.0001805273,0.000002762606,0.0001616899,0.9889755,0.00020144,0.00001047326,0.00004449478,0.004282782],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003757579,0.0003154165,0.001828738,0.0001316666,0.0001119923,5.461645e-7,0.0008394398,0.9899018,0.002989452,0.00000122581,0.00001699509,0.0001050817],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7420388,0.00001757614,0.2550141,0.00002841315,0.0007564655,0.001706723,0.00008834766,0.0001244369,0.0002250443],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999103,1.411687e-7,0.0007088894,0.0000155091,0.00009019626,0.00004890603,0.000005243562,0.00002385703,0.000004336397],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.257064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5760093,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01711520512440921,"score_gpt":0.2212907156434845,"score_spread":0.2041755105190753,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}