{"id":"W4406774987","doi":"10.1108/pijpsm-06-2024-0101","title":"Pandemic policing: how policing changed during the COVID-19 pandemic","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policing An International Journal","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Pandemic; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Virology; Criminology; Political science; Medicine; Sociology; Outbreak; Infectious disease (medical specialty)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002844187,0.000237893,0.0002893685,0.0009278915,0.01249271,0.003878002,0.001101817,0.0006767829,0.001735381],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00769359,0.0002897258,0.0001832061,0.001915996,0.008061217,0.002326295,0.003375993,0.00128995,0.0001306656],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03991071,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04864806,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8450192,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8998297,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996555,0.001310353,0.0001263284,0.0002132024,0.0005489825,0.001246253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967827,0.0006977179,0.0007723719,0.0001568018,0.0008738001,0.0007165919],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004014919,0.00001564042,0.06195066,0.00008685218,0.000007556251,0.0004036603,0.9221286,0.0001420974,0.0002483844,0.001769751,0.002216383,0.01099025],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001862202,0.00001467752,0.02913464,0.00007354833,0.000003985472,0.00004378122,0.9609066,0.00007410658,0.00007551734,0.0001852812,0.009476172,0.000009814273],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9858071,0.0003530909,0.0003926057,0.003445155,0.00004067423,0.00004909001,0.000120053,0.00001136695,0.009781026],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998431,0.0002551283,0.0001566656,0.0001443455,0.00000435922,0.00001373215,0.00003763744,0.000006290754,0.0009507561],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8450192,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3117869,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1444481264904736,"score_gpt":0.467894405147842,"score_spread":0.3234462786573684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}