{"id":"W4406779277","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00955","title":"Methylene Blue Is a Widely Used Antifungal Agent That Confounds Behavioral Toxicity Assays in Larval Zebrafish","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters","topic":"Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Health Canada; University of Ottawa","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Antifungal; Methylene blue; Toxicity; Zebrafish; Larva; Pharmacology; Chemistry; Biology; Microbiology; Ecology; Biochemistry; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007866233,0.0005919613,0.0003944092,0.0005705626,0.0006101441,0.0004518233,0.0004793756,0.0007755026,0.002294477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001033391,0.0003050379,0.0003929134,0.0003147805,0.0006895048,0.0003469214,0.0005766895,0.001147464,0.0004284348],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009767137,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001167833,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006975953,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02545909,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986624,0.0002741612,0.0001408159,0.0002582248,0.0005603005,0.0001041682],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992465,0.0001867345,0.0002496533,0.00009846667,0.0001664162,0.00005231491],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001010386,0.00003247497,0.001109579,0.0001591412,0.00001149323,0.000127017,0.00006048791,0.00009294607,0.9947667,0.0001935386,0.0003963478,0.00294919],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000208027,0.0008642962,0.01314117,0.00008831131,0.00005844541,0.0004139887,0.0001123357,0.0007322672,0.9745405,0.0002228017,0.009781573,0.00002351493],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8953984,0.008293947,0.06943003,0.003166651,0.0007560441,0.0008873509,0.003622749,0.001173728,0.01727101],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9316908,0.004771798,0.04946615,0.001482,0.0000549655,0.001215154,0.001818922,0.0002292561,0.00927096],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9992134,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01387072,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0132499559657468,"score_gpt":0.2923382448434506,"score_spread":0.2790882888777038,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}