{"id":"W4406849748","doi":"10.1017/s0305000924000357","title":"The relation between family factors and children’s vocabulary knowledge: a comparative study of rural and urban preschoolers in China","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Child Language","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Beijing Normal University; National Natural Science Foundation of China; University of Cambridge","keywords":"Socioeconomic status; Vocabulary; Psychology; Developmental psychology; Literacy; Vocabulary development; China; Rural area; Family literacy; Demography; Geography; Sociology; Population; Linguistics; Mathematics education; Political science; Teaching method; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004047855,0.000107813,0.0002840785,0.0002039621,0.00008650008,0.00002979974,0.0001125985,0.00004685723,0.000004643489],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000346482,0.00006605993,0.00003320122,0.000153627,0.00004658951,0.00008502174,0.0000352758,0.0003577877,4.834475e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002657905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000222888,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001262289,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003097697,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990194,0.0002395828,0.000440037,0.00008378388,0.0001060327,0.0001111304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993755,0.0002020257,0.0002395971,0.0001118462,0.00002941721,0.0000416302],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008220269,0.0001276254,0.8337662,0.000004405303,0.0002183826,0.000003381261,0.1619327,0.000002802415,0.00001746477,0.00009067832,0.0005708534,0.003183303],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001335383,0.000196075,0.9639035,0.0001564703,0.00004605814,0.00000986923,0.034019,0.00000307199,0.0000263587,0.00002576607,0.0002207429,0.00005769972],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9871542,0.008052655,0.00000863536,0.0001028522,0.0001492754,0.0002275865,0.000003468264,0.000004177128,0.004297171],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996192,0.0000323059,0.00001254688,0.0000148079,0.0000542344,0.00000207777,0.000002762858,0.000004802355,0.0002572818],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1301373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2693846,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009631245788938302,"score_gpt":0.3090080520783712,"score_spread":0.2993768062894329,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}