{"id":"W4406849926","doi":"10.1002/esp.6047","title":"Sediment dynamics of watershed urbanization and river restoration: Insights from 10 years of research in small gravel‐bed rivers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","topic":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University; University of British Columbia; University of Waterloo; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Watershed; Sediment; Hydrology (agriculture); Urbanization; Stream restoration; Geology; Environmental science; Sedimentary budget; Sediment transport; STREAMS; Geomorphology; Geotechnical engineering; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001827457,0.00007589832,0.0001517719,0.00006920179,0.00005773835,0.000009783798,0.00008386875,0.00008472744,0.0001165072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000205469,0.00006148555,0.000008807781,0.000459953,0.0003240351,0.0001743924,0.00005403965,0.0000930669,0.000003577481],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001525623,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003410918,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001255642,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00419081,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992935,0.00002686089,0.0001949219,0.0002102022,0.0001478608,0.000126676],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997142,0.00007534913,0.00005243863,0.00008500017,0.00003910958,0.00003388509],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002566608,0.0001027974,0.9883153,0.0003302585,0.00002473799,0.000005852471,0.005490958,0.002126737,0.001146081,0.0002860794,0.00002547865,0.001888991],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002142203,0.0003297466,0.9436728,0.00027227,0.00003693981,7.987994e-7,0.000996181,0.005336179,0.02941278,0.01556275,0.00199144,0.0002459195],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984656,0.0005748483,0.0001721504,0.0001551864,0.00002102555,0.0001557701,0.00001078736,0.00000820197,0.0004364481],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99875,0.0004282956,0.0004774349,0.00001902671,0.000003026536,0.000002792298,0.0000592561,0.000003762342,0.0002563523],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04464257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2507308,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01298646730618117,"score_gpt":0.2344800527669775,"score_spread":0.2214935854607963,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}