{"id":"W4406852939","doi":"10.2118/223512-ms","title":"Recent Developments and Utilization of Produced Water in Bakken Well Stimulations","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Oncolytics Biotech (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Environmental science; Computer science; Petroleum engineering; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008345846,0.0001010831,0.0001215099,0.00005212487,0.0000675598,0.000008845695,0.00006633344,0.0001304487,0.0001783606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000150143,0.00008789519,0.000007509993,0.0001748781,0.0002331567,0.0001312715,0.0001875372,0.0001106029,0.00001165831],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007810805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007047733,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005851084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006129211,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999305,0.00001353757,0.0001914581,0.0002614124,0.00007290865,0.0001556709],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998009,0.000008298415,0.00004214995,0.0001230498,0.000005267405,0.00002039252],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004632157,0.0001634809,0.5290149,0.00004688406,0.00001812288,0.000005127452,0.0008126189,0.01096666,0.03667397,0.001202135,0.00005104036,0.4209988],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001185716,0.0001003636,0.7572212,0.000198151,0.00003076733,0.000009602269,0.0005771386,0.02851288,0.1468081,0.0558152,0.009164438,0.0003764626],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9897775,0.00005852629,0.005743967,0.001688656,0.00002930822,0.0001944941,3.8113e-7,0.00003491298,0.002472254],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952934,0.000843433,0.003589291,0.000101376,0.000002139531,0.00001383863,0.00001179566,0.000004706337,0.0001400279],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4206223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3584262,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01202119844515061,"score_gpt":0.2300780610322248,"score_spread":0.2180568625870742,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}