{"id":"W4406859047","doi":"10.1007/s12207-024-09528-1","title":"Invalid Response Set, Malingering, and Related Base Rate in Psychological Injury I: Performance Validity Tests","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Psychological Injury and Law","topic":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Malingering; Legal psychology; Psychology; Set (abstract data type); Base (topology); Test validity; Clinical psychology; Social psychology; Psychometrics; Computer science; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0038072,0.0003388128,0.00062003,0.0002885801,0.0002092694,0.0000776735,0.0002233787,0.0005340378,0.0005856046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001134427,0.0002561377,0.0000825282,0.0007746126,0.0009869242,0.0001700247,0.0002048444,0.001287943,0.0000596434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005818618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002763734,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001356639,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004130236,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963953,0.001047332,0.0007263008,0.0009498058,0.0002643954,0.0006168662],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979265,0.0009474282,0.00009275482,0.0006297028,0.00007552929,0.0003280888],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.1403337,0.007329118,0.4908906,0.001548654,0.0003538302,0.002148276,0.001510007,0.000006130631,0.1511162,0.03990425,0.02655778,0.1383016],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002937756,0.003943307,0.9808176,0.000389043,0.00004064767,0.000186354,0.0000672602,0.000182295,0.001673564,0.00450279,0.0049304,0.0003290206],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9787896,0.0002316408,0.00001169511,0.004694077,0.0002551967,0.000712878,0.00002830079,0.0001652488,0.01511142],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928466,0.0004220157,0.000523103,0.004543816,0.00004237731,0.0000959671,0.00001356743,0.00001962993,0.001492925],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.489927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999891,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1352655952215614,"score_gpt":0.4385968958007488,"score_spread":0.3033313005791874,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}