{"id":"W4406860804","doi":"10.1111/caje.12759","title":"Product differentiation, demand expansion and the welfare effects of cross‐ownership","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Merger and Competition Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Product differentiation; Welfare; Product (mathematics); Business; Product innovation; Economics; Industrial organization; Market economy; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007383836,0.0004129778,0.0003886181,0.000434869,0.0003571688,0.00102246,0.0002506889,0.0004569268,0.008297537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002909662,0.0001541696,0.0005619014,0.0003912646,0.001398509,0.001614787,0.00143637,0.0005852688,0.0001816532],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001155135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000459572,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003217079,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002889948,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995988,0.0001498317,0.00001713925,0.00005031559,0.00005811411,0.0001257662],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995769,0.002547874,0.0008646033,0.0002374154,0.0002693275,0.0003117744],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001840057,0.001513987,0.1561039,0.0005930368,0.0006707204,0.00282908,0.001262872,0.2838864,0.04228634,0.411267,0.002480661,0.09526587],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002597431,0.001731214,0.265438,0.0002444123,0.0006240919,0.001745587,0.002454949,0.2959276,0.01391683,0.4103352,0.007142408,0.0001799783],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9675553,0.0007200508,0.01291643,0.0003603698,0.00001037593,0.00002453482,0.0001046242,0.00001932165,0.01828901],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986597,0.0001173045,0.0004868617,0.00002553816,0.000004862821,0.00000615729,0.00001628407,0.000001660747,0.0006815621],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008297537,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.027758,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04901091276394907,"score_gpt":0.1792436900334549,"score_spread":0.1302327772695058,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}