{"id":"W4406884395","doi":"10.1016/j.lindif.2025.102638","title":"Directional or reciprocal? A random intercept cross-lagged panel analysis of the relationships between emotions, motivation, willingness to communicate, and L2 achievement","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Learning and Individual Differences","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Cape Breton University","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Reciprocal; Panel analysis; Social psychology; Panel survey; Willingness to communicate; Panel data; Econometrics; Economics; Demographic economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01209588,0.0009392102,0.0009327773,0.0006732389,0.001475252,0.002342926,0.001621419,0.001893951,0.01437915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01230947,0.0008685125,0.002924751,0.001389144,0.001170146,0.00148822,0.001496804,0.002765158,0.002375843],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005968906,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001913774,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02710563,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02923614,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9907168,0.006584272,0.0003083391,0.001283375,0.0003646105,0.0007426786],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9820112,0.01014923,0.00265241,0.003007381,0.001048692,0.001131029],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001837373,0.001014525,0.973542,0.00007242811,0.002767778,0.0002958779,0.001222838,0.0021682,0.002638701,0.004117684,0.002431626,0.007891027],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000514427,0.001417978,0.9543855,0.0001136653,0.002607089,0.0002849334,0.004517558,0.02308968,0.001768454,0.003855221,0.007290194,0.0001553197],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861963,0.0004091432,0.006566122,0.0007620438,0.0001898669,0.00009161569,0.002340608,0.000101645,0.003342695],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905049,0.0001290318,0.002325291,0.0002385968,0.00004186328,0.0002111302,0.001998806,0.00003037201,0.004519913],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02710563,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06396991,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1488002931072022,"score_gpt":0.3162779419417976,"score_spread":0.1674776488345955,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}