{"id":"W4406894321","doi":"10.26685/urncst.684","title":"Health Disparities Among Immigrants: Bridging Past Challenges, Present Barriers, and Future Solutions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology (URNCST) Journal","topic":"Migration, Health and Trauma","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Bridging (networking); Immigration; Health equity; Psychology; Political science; Medicine; Computer science; Nursing; Public health","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.008323058,0.0001789753,0.0004113502,0.001284549,0.002514423,0.0002085038,0.0004253165,0.0003271074,0.00001241204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005964641,0.00013272,0.00004459254,0.001903287,0.004621428,0.0003730946,0.0003476888,0.003134615,0.000003637653],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001435411,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006769845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001053943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004412571,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9960784,0.0005645687,0.0007458332,0.0006936752,0.000569646,0.001347883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980143,0.0005250614,0.0001533001,0.0002605235,0.0003842128,0.0006626162],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001018805,0.0001530193,0.2493287,0.00008866359,0.00005624489,0.00005685565,0.0004648462,1.939513e-7,0.00000694937,0.188582,0.009136952,0.5520236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002142479,0.0006702822,0.7902239,0.0003701041,0.00001324189,0.0004278021,0.0131641,0.000680506,0.00000349187,0.1734448,0.01862575,0.0002335508],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4424372,0.07335904,0.00002548686,0.4826653,0.0006541599,0.0003044594,0.000004581866,0.00003771331,0.0005120533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8897883,0.1091079,0.00007509518,0.0003728145,0.0003212197,0.00001997602,0.000001295197,0.000005618133,0.0003077512],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5517901,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991652,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05915805425198628,"score_gpt":0.4302844940916352,"score_spread":0.3711264398396489,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}