{"id":"W4406928182","doi":"10.1080/15391523.2025.2459130","title":"Altering the playback speed of recorded lectures as a learning technique: Examining student practices, motivations, and beliefs","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Research on Technology in Education","topic":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","field":"Psychology","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Computer science; Mathematics education; Educational technology; Psychology; Multimedia; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002799849,0.00008732922,0.0001846692,0.001939728,0.0001765304,0.00003682688,0.000336337,0.0001709749,0.00005060101],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007496093,0.00006486484,0.00002026629,0.001528702,0.0002646803,0.00009915547,0.0000956548,0.001882524,0.000005433661],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009282582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004510932,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00009267792,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001019695,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983244,0.0005931204,0.0004002156,0.0001851019,0.0002891216,0.0002080172],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971697,0.001261623,0.0006375381,0.0001570172,0.0007502293,0.00002390599],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008776758,0.002318916,0.4737692,0.0002807984,0.0003142257,0.00003112642,0.009350909,0.0001224926,0.03470378,0.03240347,0.002602545,0.4432249],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001710778,0.006971288,0.6835327,0.004018489,0.000059666,0.0004328921,0.1767568,0.0000169608,0.05432483,0.047574,0.02433669,0.0002648367],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9811454,0.002149089,0.0001433276,0.01162194,0.0002120408,0.0003190608,2.072347e-7,0.00001984108,0.004389054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974043,0.0005422748,0.0003218088,0.0001083245,0.00006321002,0.00006186659,7.633105e-7,0.000008841819,0.001488579],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4429601,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8974065,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09379032494736612,"score_gpt":0.5428828901837631,"score_spread":0.449092565236397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}