{"id":"W4406950975","doi":"10.1007/s10612-025-09812-9","title":"Lifting the Veil of Ignorance: Prison Cruelty, Sentencing Theory, and the Failure of Liberal Retributivism","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Critical Criminology","topic":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","keywords":"Cruelty; Retributive justice; Criminology; Ignorance; Prison; Sociology; Political science; Law; Economic Justice","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01492539,0.0002689642,0.000367639,0.001878043,0.006978885,0.006328748,0.001438761,0.00178238,0.001689567],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02190547,0.0002189906,0.000232802,0.0006479211,0.06657532,0.006882083,0.004581882,0.003619188,0.00007971937],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007665309,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005904664,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01099449,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01048678,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9892462,0.008553103,0.0001836089,0.0003995244,0.000829279,0.0007883246],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9764453,0.01756551,0.002559155,0.00082997,0.001692027,0.0009080531],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003434673,0.00006795616,0.006952923,0.00007981576,0.00001244495,0.000399153,0.3305206,0.000396592,0.0001722834,0.6537014,0.0009434423,0.006718928],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003879741,0.00007961827,0.01070431,0.0009108575,0.00002891197,0.000395388,0.3930707,0.003328299,0.0006525162,0.5669187,0.02380142,0.00007056128],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.826337,0.002546258,0.01238304,0.04282153,0.0001491739,0.00005082288,0.0000177543,0.00002596393,0.1156686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999252,0.00006515576,0.0001493364,0.0002408315,0.000008432213,0.000005043456,0.000001137451,0.000002479825,0.0002755016],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01492539,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07893395,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02567435164392069,"score_gpt":0.3448508546514192,"score_spread":0.3191765030074985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}