{"id":"W4406963236","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5115289","title":"Racial Disparity and Discrimination in Housing in Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Urbanization and City Planning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Racism; Geography; Demographic economics; Political science; Economics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008892633,0.00003579999,0.00006259875,0.00009424032,0.0002085132,0.00004593214,0.00006544428,0.00002668391,0.000006468189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001481467,0.00003772248,0.000006998215,0.0003008058,0.00002209751,0.0001422233,0.00001031107,0.0004973884,1.756935e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002768782,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008472615,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8929176,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9997982,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989833,0.0001041366,0.0001146866,0.00006645088,0.0001281651,0.000603256],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998683,0.00003316516,0.00003411375,0.00001959934,0.00002026114,0.00002456201],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009190024,0.00001242821,0.7715355,0.000002522203,0.00000427248,0.000002834094,0.002893563,0.00005193334,0.000008024239,0.2067452,0.00004604604,0.01868856],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001023159,0.00002377099,0.726571,0.0001229811,0.00001350432,0.000005241682,0.1128101,0.0009833291,0.00001359831,0.1543685,0.003863774,0.0002010477],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9921008,0.0006055279,0.0009852848,0.002579321,0.0001296433,0.00004733435,3.641698e-7,0.000003587866,0.003548149],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987547,0.0006977982,0.000007606377,0.0001236865,0.00003779493,6.353633e-7,9.232161e-7,0.000001768794,0.0003750963],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1099165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9971485,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00736438258805172,"score_gpt":0.2628781778495512,"score_spread":0.2555137952614995,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}