{"id":"W4406974765","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104443","title":"Local scour around bridge abutments protected by angled spur dikes under ice-covered flow conditions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","topic":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Bridge scour; Spur; Geology; Dike; Geotechnical engineering; Flow (mathematics); Bridge (graph theory); Abutment; Pier; Geomorphology; Engineering; Petrology; Geometry; Paleontology; Structural engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002457685,0.0001564632,0.0001745237,0.0002748626,0.001059805,0.00003938743,0.0005030821,0.0002245778,0.0001221413],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006636876,0.0001412736,0.00002153714,0.002395262,0.005619392,0.0003579796,0.0001584152,0.0002635802,0.00006792315],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001337289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001416664,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007870195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001944645,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998528,0.00002134084,0.0001853478,0.0005724605,0.0002487216,0.000444136],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994634,0.00003054784,0.00005602228,0.0003195284,0.00004412506,0.00008640558],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001098264,0.0015555,0.1621978,0.0001006275,0.0001709868,0.0001459104,0.0004117449,0.001423617,0.6670728,0.09580237,0.05712482,0.01388403],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007893185,0.001593486,0.1903827,0.0004586311,0.0004662316,0.0003175338,0.003238024,0.02958304,0.3564927,0.2071758,0.1997926,0.002606073],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9655669,0.000288651,0.02014075,0.01028542,0.0001208508,0.0006063335,0.0000290833,0.0002204639,0.002741513],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997831,0.00008443333,0.0002718472,0.0007198413,0.000004316867,0.0001334835,0.00001173894,0.000005389073,0.0009379113],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3105801,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9970868,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007902125059252979,"score_gpt":0.2349560440678175,"score_spread":0.2270539190085645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}