{"id":"W4406984947","doi":"10.1007/s10032-025-00513-1","title":"Redacted text detection using neural image segmentation methods","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","topic":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Canadian Institute of Steel Construction","keywords":"Artificial intelligence; Segmentation; Image segmentation; Computer vision; Pattern recognition (psychology); Computer science; Image (mathematics); Artificial neural network","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001039755,0.0002126143,0.000279547,0.002219865,0.0003030952,0.001434238,0.0004482771,0.00009971359,0.0003147288],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000134249,0.0001896284,0.0003178103,0.001191872,0.00005049815,0.001451624,0.0001366416,0.0003440133,0.00001579467],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003023419,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005067248,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005514354,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001507698,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976845,0.0004481201,0.0006763095,0.0004203353,0.000563951,0.0002067164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982021,0.0001764563,0.0004607002,0.0001807138,0.0008642381,0.0001157327],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005675526,0.00009989215,0.0003498661,0.000005190584,0.001293882,0.0000268582,0.00008924199,0.00006417256,0.02470229,0.0002747805,0.0001011592,0.9729359],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002863259,0.0004187748,0.01175568,0.0003398349,0.001760485,0.0004355421,0.0003237779,0.2686657,0.6225231,0.08744588,0.002503042,0.0009649789],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1538625,0.00006096737,0.8428622,0.001265264,0.0008063902,0.0001433856,0.000008731518,0.0001155186,0.0008750123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7650407,0.0004412217,0.2325869,0.001289373,0.000219655,0.00002652941,0.000056915,0.00001201815,0.0003266656],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9719709,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996024,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01943269196242409,"score_gpt":0.3641712029352362,"score_spread":0.3447385109728122,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}