{"id":"W4407031404","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5049042","title":"When Businesses Go Digital: CEO Gender, Experience and Technology Adoption During the Covid-19 Pandemic","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Pandemic; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Business; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Virology; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002808175,0.0001062734,0.0002601341,0.0008509378,0.002610415,0.00515967,0.000403994,0.001303913,0.006184409],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01432493,0.0002044416,0.0001286135,0.0008328668,0.001914972,0.003517716,0.003267872,0.001995526,0.0007243338],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001252605,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001870666,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01858472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03702057,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980955,0.0005273633,0.00008664178,0.0001196025,0.000327561,0.000843377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9916691,0.002517595,0.00201493,0.0001593201,0.0009018443,0.002737296],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006174068,0.0004444114,0.6669152,0.00007097988,0.00002326199,0.001172204,0.2846897,0.0000848259,0.001111644,0.00353179,0.007529959,0.03380856],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001379155,0.0001804533,0.386765,0.0001171294,0.00001010681,0.00040376,0.5912876,0.00007732064,0.000232671,0.0003657587,0.02050743,0.00003901937],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912897,0.0004231862,0.00003488196,0.002776603,0.00005184219,0.000008036106,0.00007736474,0.000003175813,0.005335022],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99728,0.000207572,0.00001823206,0.0005056675,0.00002205199,0.000005879735,0.0000335875,0.000008059211,0.001918868],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01858472,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03695309,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01846777762041374,"score_gpt":0.256782413060315,"score_spread":0.2383146354399013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}