{"id":"W4407057162","doi":"10.1029/2023gh000975","title":"Impact of Reduced Anthropogenic Emissions Associated With COVID‐19 Lockdown on PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentration and Canopy Urban Heat Island in Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GeoHealth","topic":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada","keywords":"Metropolitan area; Environmental science; Air quality index; Urban heat island; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Air pollution; Geography; Climate change; Canopy; Physical geography; Atmospheric sciences; Meteorology; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002217576,0.0002363545,0.0002120107,0.0004557117,0.001172204,0.0009730648,0.0006014013,0.0003307302,0.001908266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000926515,0.0001171106,0.0003567512,0.0007701651,0.00040674,0.0002042351,0.0006649531,0.0005212767,0.000127407],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01742938,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01896463,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9896729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.995289,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996327,0.00002391652,0.00000961081,0.00004189131,0.00007156796,0.0002202181],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991961,0.00004216377,0.0001149721,0.00002158585,0.0003073903,0.0003177886],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004395928,0.0001649311,0.9788113,0.00004683715,0.0001341121,0.0002540994,0.0003909014,0.001904136,0.002318149,0.0002102357,0.003260164,0.01206546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005237936,0.00002644263,0.9978178,0.00000693228,0.00001434383,0.00001031662,0.0005645705,0.0005771175,0.0001870817,0.00001614917,0.0007687485,0.000005330814],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9944528,0.0001828086,0.00009201894,0.0004102745,0.00001663765,0.00002070897,0.002854544,0.00001901078,0.001951347],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974758,0.0001108044,0.00009821704,0.00009321368,0.000004975306,0.000008501383,0.001221045,0.000004555186,0.0009828184],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01742938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1264596,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007748238995055706,"score_gpt":0.2479149042073345,"score_spread":0.2401666652122788,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}