{"id":"W4407085002","doi":"10.1007/s10198-024-01735-6","title":"Explaining variations in government health expenditure: evidence from Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The European Journal of Health Economics","topic":"Global Health Care Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University; Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Government expenditure; Public economics; Economics; Public finance; Macroeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002888777,0.0006362243,0.001068032,0.002315704,0.002476053,0.003361003,0.002011432,0.001412698,0.005307768],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02009462,0.0004769848,0.001353248,0.01061787,0.001818778,0.0009891377,0.001364038,0.001793272,0.0004934121],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02554855,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03604804,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9946637,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9950196,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969902,0.0006871979,0.0001540992,0.0004134295,0.0007997105,0.0009552342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9767333,0.01103306,0.003204193,0.001274004,0.006080264,0.001675073],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000472759,0.0001936691,0.9606013,0.0001990892,0.0007451331,0.0002916928,0.0013935,0.00668352,0.00009552486,0.002581689,0.008542428,0.01819966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009376368,0.00004224971,0.9824646,0.000163926,0.0004827625,0.00003726277,0.003645527,0.004788709,0.0001448272,0.0008673187,0.007224837,0.00004418932],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9704359,0.004830124,0.0005396997,0.004946542,0.00007793983,0.00005389772,0.008006007,0.00004437947,0.01106548],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917499,0.001827548,0.0003283947,0.0003319249,0.0000292693,0.000009752644,0.003800214,0.00002421198,0.001898728],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02554855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1853686,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07049357299142554,"score_gpt":0.3833562877606267,"score_spread":0.3128627147692012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}