{"id":"W4407085002","doi":"10.1007/s10198-024-01735-6","title":"Explaining variations in government health expenditure: evidence from Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The European Journal of Health Economics","topic":"Global Health Care Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University; Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Government expenditure; Public economics; Economics; Public finance; Macroeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01231304,0.0001861339,0.0006321241,0.00008362092,0.000912904,0.00001917865,0.0007159773,0.00003647808,0.00008037199],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000651663,0.0001502996,0.0000614811,0.0001713704,0.00003310368,0.0001927016,0.0001961027,0.001174859,0.00004783693],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006594736,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01142706,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3742858,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5707699,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9891747,0.006674654,0.00289623,0.000240094,0.0002693775,0.0007449528],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9943543,0.002354468,0.002434458,0.0004656628,0.00009904412,0.0002920839],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005818835,0.0001739585,0.1405957,0.0009043421,0.0002025905,0.0001096293,0.05019287,0.00510296,0.000007108407,0.007830702,0.7165623,0.07773593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001960853,0.0002756376,0.7067225,0.005322894,0.00001631932,0.00001000463,0.0269801,0.0003769539,0.000004182752,0.000938759,0.2571686,0.0002231997],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6409132,0.02678623,0.002851021,0.306109,0.0119841,0.001584793,0.0002151519,0.00003535022,0.009521145],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9641154,0.004459683,0.001211918,0.02942382,0.0005834821,0.000007389166,0.000005111114,0.00002852227,0.0001646818],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5661268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9972188,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07049357299142554,"score_gpt":0.3833562877606267,"score_spread":0.3128627147692012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}