{"id":"W4407094408","doi":"10.1364/oe.546606","title":"Predicting atmospheric turbulence for secure quantum communications in free space","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Ottawa","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Free-space optical communication; Atmospheric turbulence; Optics; Physics; Atmospheric optics; Turbulence; Quantum cryptography; Quantum key distribution; Quantum information science; Quantum channel; Free space; Optical communication; Space (punctuation); Environmental science; Remote sensing; Meteorology; Telecommunications; Computer science; Quantum; Quantum information; Geology; Photon; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001320128,0.0001262013,0.0001659902,0.00003494589,0.00008544027,0.00004870423,0.001592212,0.0001605265,0.000003057299],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00043945,0.0001458476,0.00003837856,0.0003860616,0.000132652,0.0001314899,0.0005658566,0.0003536622,0.000003444145],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007929232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001866327,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001685952,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004093182,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992679,0.00002204005,0.0002534157,0.000137459,0.00007444787,0.0002447039],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973786,0.0005226781,0.00003079805,0.001976056,0.00006533969,0.00002651324],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001249956,0.0001618992,0.001854032,0.0004377998,0.00006915274,0.000001345528,0.0006909637,0.07329037,0.003324207,0.9043065,0.005329438,0.01052184],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003360863,0.00001371799,0.0001740762,0.000231757,0.000008910637,4.860403e-7,0.0005289887,0.9629874,0.003042573,0.02045714,0.01206452,0.0001543932],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2923106,0.0549433,0.5510374,0.02368323,0.001591273,0.002716866,0.0002173672,0.006064876,0.06743506],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7571753,0.002319728,0.2399225,0.00002441095,0.000009293711,0.000284177,0.000009643126,0.00002454546,0.0002303888],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.889697,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5947492,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01603793076822312,"score_gpt":0.261322586738333,"score_spread":0.2452846559701098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}