{"id":"W4407094408","doi":"10.1364/oe.546606","title":"Predicting atmospheric turbulence for secure quantum communications in free space","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Optics Express","topic":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Ottawa","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca; Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Free-space optical communication; Atmospheric turbulence; Optics; Physics; Atmospheric optics; Turbulence; Quantum cryptography; Quantum key distribution; Quantum information science; Quantum channel; Free space; Optical communication; Space (punctuation); Environmental science; Remote sensing; Meteorology; Telecommunications; Computer science; Quantum; Quantum information; Geology; Photon; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006101566,0.0004104772,0.00028512,0.0002088847,0.0004378759,0.0005491182,0.0004405087,0.0005495968,0.0005484427],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002409335,0.0002369584,0.0002791723,0.0001618313,0.0006025803,0.0010592,0.0004930992,0.0009907505,0.0001081474],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008913056,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008989508,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01821066,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01881946,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998614,0.00003845606,0.00000606582,0.00002981652,0.00002682956,0.00003747231],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994218,0.0003196777,0.00008397967,0.00003652016,0.00009006876,0.00004789743],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005152298,0.00003021235,0.003914335,0.00001191257,0.00001403008,0.00002230476,0.00001979302,0.9871535,0.001422172,0.001308343,0.0002956619,0.005756356],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001340588,0.000006561185,0.0002380857,7.48203e-7,9.607033e-7,8.399237e-7,0.000003167672,0.9992195,0.0002094221,0.0002956326,0.00002204898,0.000001601034],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8950989,0.0002551237,0.1007013,0.001269432,0.00008701263,0.00003251946,0.0001422107,0.0002898978,0.002123745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955066,0.00003587527,0.004057997,0.00003089068,0.000008892259,0.000008293905,0.00007124028,0.000007319778,0.0002728584],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01821066,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03620929,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01603793076822312,"score_gpt":0.261322586738333,"score_spread":0.2452846559701098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}