{"id":"W4407096203","doi":"10.1007/s43615-025-00509-3","title":"Designing Sustainable Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network Based on a Circular Economy Approach: Under Uncertainty During the Post-COVID Era","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Circular Economy and Sustainability","topic":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Circular economy; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Supply chain; Closed loop; Loop (graph theory); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Sustainable development; Control theory (sociology); Business; Economics; Engineering; Control engineering; Mathematics; Virology; Medicine; Biology; Ecology; Control (management); Management; Marketing","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00143092,0.0004687492,0.0006112459,0.0006467005,0.001287652,0.001856617,0.0008737056,0.001183947,0.002304492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004038547,0.0003864906,0.00058369,0.0007444343,0.0009297972,0.002582908,0.001732329,0.0006980042,0.0001774112],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001416745,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002041495,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006076612,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005157484,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992279,0.0002577009,0.00003123957,0.0002166015,0.0001480426,0.0001185754],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985195,0.0007309874,0.0001939757,0.00008114189,0.0003782504,0.00009604131],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007412812,0.00004942902,0.001618107,0.00008798391,0.00003023219,0.0001988911,0.0002434384,0.9345676,0.002356252,0.03467776,0.0004162017,0.02567995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004129229,0.00003024619,0.0001175872,0.000007456701,0.00001038543,0.00001953722,0.00008990232,0.9890465,0.000459458,0.009674669,0.0005341191,0.000006033785],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07192791,0.0001639513,0.9211961,0.0003377013,0.00003507841,0.00009890023,0.00004289437,0.000105585,0.00609187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9455339,0.0001728464,0.05221538,0.00004636937,0.000014539,0.00009182694,0.00006089415,0.00001994034,0.001844353],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006076612,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01208246,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006686245896908129,"score_gpt":0.2001947641591317,"score_spread":0.1935085182622235,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}