{"id":"W4407096627","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5122975","title":"Capturing Well Integrity Loss Through Measurements of Methane and Ethane Emissions from Surface Casing Vents and Soils Surrounding Oil and Gas Wells","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; St. Francis Xavier University","funders":"","keywords":"Casing; Methane; Methane emissions; Environmental science; Soil water; Oil well; Fossil fuel; Petroleum engineering; Geology; Natural gas; Methane gas; Greenhouse gas; Oceanography; Soil science; Waste management; Engineering; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001119995,0.0003063467,0.0002287068,0.0004368988,0.0002053963,0.0004364862,0.0003186332,0.0006022516,0.0005291881],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000410308,0.0001935956,0.000160232,0.0004910598,0.000160777,0.0006168287,0.0003373967,0.0003037418,0.0002122894],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001876158,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002577473,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00408749,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008490408,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999867,0.000008617002,0.000004350017,0.00004648243,0.00004327287,0.00003038425],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998586,0.00004477182,0.00002901573,0.00001732364,0.00003251893,0.00001773679],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001097333,0.0005029319,0.3199912,0.0001131948,0.0001470161,0.0005222154,0.0005187443,0.03630593,0.5830656,0.0004976005,0.0006810563,0.05655711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004777069,0.0003423813,0.5307073,0.00001555219,0.0001074586,0.0002597523,0.0007478816,0.2783545,0.1871897,0.0008291941,0.001337903,0.00006067881],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943812,0.00002267573,0.004568657,0.00001648143,0.000005465232,0.000005733782,0.0002647728,0.0001190434,0.0006159787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973769,0.00002415026,0.001996304,0.000006905495,0.000002775711,0.000003670339,0.0002388057,0.0000142128,0.0003362119],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00408749,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008127391,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02235677583529235,"score_gpt":0.2690108386982006,"score_spread":0.2466540628629082,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}