{"id":"W4407106745","doi":"10.1186/s13293-025-00692-w","title":"Sex and gender differences in the molecular etiology of Parkinson’s disease: considerations for study design and data analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biology of Sex Differences","topic":"Nuclear Receptors and Signaling","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"BC Children's Hospital; University of British Columbia","funders":"Universität des Saarlandes","keywords":"Etiology; Parkinson's disease; Disease; Medicine; Sex characteristics; Estrogen; Human physiology; Bioinformatics; Clinical psychology; Psychology; Gerontology; Developmental psychology; Internal medicine; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007284326,0.0002523275,0.001524412,0.0003289697,0.0001175817,0.00003290319,0.0005794149,0.0001568435,0.00002265013],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000877587,0.0001455496,0.0001064927,0.0003111617,0.0005838138,0.00003078488,0.0002448649,0.0001443153,1.244359e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000449934,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001265727,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003111389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001962121,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962333,0.002161622,0.0005633757,0.0007631891,0.00009826495,0.0001802652],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9925342,0.006600811,0.0003273777,0.0004767278,0.00002284503,0.00003801025],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001781115,0.002451816,0.2791608,0.02011218,0.004795354,0.00005208435,0.009022519,0.00001297942,0.001081493,0.02748489,0.0002705947,0.6553771],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01183533,0.01453986,0.2719035,0.01446206,0.1344268,0.0001402296,0.02881614,0.02063259,0.0009050039,0.3437643,0.1468936,0.0116805],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0656251,0.9296846,0.002094192,0.00005227071,0.00007425983,0.001866926,0.0005748315,0.000009861704,0.00001792628],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4742903,0.5253011,0.0002474763,0.00002677394,0.000008634865,0.00008524092,0.00002730259,0.000004500018,0.000008684935],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6436967,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5935341,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2664827300888585,"score_gpt":0.3928988027559392,"score_spread":0.1264160726670807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}