{"id":"W4407121570","doi":"10.1111/caje.12753","title":"How protective are border carbon taxes for Canadian industry? The critical role of <scp>US</scp> emissions pricing","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Emissions trading; Business; Economics; Carbon fibers; Natural resource economics; Industrial organization; Computer science; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001021798,0.0002516535,0.000386244,0.001305737,0.002710094,0.004854972,0.0007683571,0.0009927105,0.008089333],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008062675,0.0001441908,0.0004291694,0.001567732,0.002028018,0.002064917,0.0007974348,0.001380043,0.000268013],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0273525,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03785,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9360732,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9384278,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986683,0.0001003505,0.00002312752,0.0001027047,0.0004019424,0.0007036805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953307,0.0007663692,0.0006893776,0.0002100013,0.002286413,0.0007171541],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006977708,0.0002668441,0.3366981,0.0004971905,0.0004127157,0.001050056,0.002566578,0.02802931,0.006744142,0.4560557,0.04534525,0.1216363],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008643436,0.000137732,0.7499308,0.0006079017,0.0006920248,0.000347916,0.01688696,0.01874693,0.008573204,0.0732484,0.1305102,0.0002315375],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7260571,0.004938659,0.002070468,0.02785021,0.0001526325,0.00005166714,0.001392015,0.0001369874,0.2373503],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960192,0.0006832487,0.0001448406,0.0004786877,0.00001540106,0.000001712009,0.00009799845,0.0000082287,0.002550688],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06392676,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1984572,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1368825446425311,"score_gpt":0.2230854163066796,"score_spread":0.08620287166414856,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}