{"id":"W4407173849","doi":"10.1002/sim.70000","title":"Regression—A Means, Not an End","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Statistics in Medicine","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Statistics; Regression; Regression analysis; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006450426,0.0001603623,0.0003565795,0.0002175819,0.00004756601,0.000006495429,0.0002307947,0.00008494752,0.0004224615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00421939,0.0001206741,0.00001006309,0.0002661295,0.0002444689,0.00006796983,0.00005722611,0.0003102875,0.000004880646],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009257036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006132427,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005868985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002334057,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987096,0.00009410232,0.000441557,0.000238283,0.0002912517,0.0002251993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979784,0.001278159,0.0001033922,0.0004570127,0.000116211,0.00006683153],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002264373,0.0000518944,0.000275766,0.0001015134,0.000007100013,0.0000492136,0.000419056,0.00000114594,0.001423247,0.9393286,0.03123243,0.02708744],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004408099,0.0001438803,0.0005855665,0.0006008532,0.00002523977,0.000002421781,0.0003378608,0.0006511555,0.002592831,0.9903932,0.004109778,0.0001164051],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.002077091,0.00009979345,0.9754211,0.0009728352,0.0002839155,0.0002752417,0.00007027439,0.0002168687,0.02058289],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1331181,0.0001996725,0.8626459,0.001009346,0.0001077681,0.00004720386,0.00005776503,0.00002738357,0.002786858],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.131041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5051309,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1246073718061269,"score_gpt":0.4895811887662412,"score_spread":0.3649738169601143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}