{"id":"W4407173849","doi":"10.1002/sim.70000","title":"Regression—A Means, Not an End","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Statistics in Medicine","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Statistics; Regression; Regression analysis; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02795671,0.001856815,0.003228649,0.002478851,0.00276536,0.01191184,0.002694522,0.004406838,0.01168699],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06627946,0.001273811,0.001542944,0.001951861,0.01811077,0.02114044,0.006625958,0.01137067,0.01032788],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002110754,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003950087,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001213251,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001528043,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9784688,0.01161043,0.001121326,0.003879528,0.004474756,0.0004451629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9503317,0.02831773,0.002903665,0.01320517,0.004318414,0.0009233325],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001536785,0.00006413778,0.00185696,0.0007288242,0.0002624418,0.0001013153,0.0006715777,0.001204388,0.0005524413,0.8522466,0.05291497,0.08924272],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003306888,0.00009947698,0.0007878389,0.0008146671,0.00007459518,0.0002142372,0.0003649621,0.003450495,0.0007025951,0.8980342,0.09534507,0.00007886857],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.004883311,0.0309492,0.6156253,0.2550611,0.01161017,0.0002020965,0.0015457,0.001705353,0.07841779],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2782386,0.05492325,0.4698322,0.0822936,0.03664217,0.001317349,0.001679246,0.003106848,0.07196672],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02795671,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.147851,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1246073718061269,"score_gpt":0.4895811887662412,"score_spread":0.3649738169601143,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}