{"id":"W4407188147","doi":"10.1016/j.focus.2024.100282","title":"Examining the Role of Race/Ethnicity and Sex in Modifying the Association Between Early Smoking Initiation and Mortality: A 20-Year NHANES Analysis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AJPM Focus","topic":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Michael Smith Health Research BC","keywords":"Race (biology); Ethnic group; Demography; Association (psychology); Medicine; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Gerontology; Psychology; Population; Political science; Gender studies; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004923386,0.0003668722,0.0003207793,0.0006529752,0.0003540168,0.0005442218,0.0003687944,0.0002769492,0.001045608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003836569,0.0002595123,0.002058982,0.0007911081,0.0001499765,0.0003316667,0.0004111014,0.0004107205,0.0001663186],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000260744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008307821,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007817124,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01306051,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989095,0.0005648089,0.0001016565,0.0001417217,0.0001764583,0.0001058185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976572,0.0009208535,0.000690594,0.0002910096,0.0003092967,0.0001309221],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003088969,0.00005272914,0.9931121,0.00003517926,0.0007013095,0.00003581912,0.00007759342,0.0001274991,0.0003222584,0.00002647729,0.000149256,0.005050839],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009191767,0.0002070114,0.9978262,0.00001146168,0.0005032805,0.00003809653,0.00005696425,0.0003881552,0.0003396343,0.00003592311,0.0005791727,0.00000484288],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943746,0.001082924,0.002108508,0.0001488617,0.0000308059,0.00004961274,0.001187086,0.00002212655,0.0009954039],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9958013,0.0003330444,0.001292624,0.0001142654,0.0000293725,0.00004833406,0.001596909,0.000008471018,0.0007757471],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007817124,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02603769,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03991513072184034,"score_gpt":0.3120772509562575,"score_spread":0.2721621202344172,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}