{"id":"W4407189984","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.103948","title":"The acceleration of low-carbon transitions: Insights, concepts, challenges, and new directions for research","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Research & Social Science","topic":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","field":"Energy","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Horizon 2020; Australian Research Council; Economic and Social Research Council; HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme; China Academy of Space Technology; Academy of Finland; Norges Forskningsråd; European Commission; European Research Council; Ivey Foundation; Aarhus Universitet","keywords":"Acceleration; Carbon fibers; Engineering physics; Materials science; Physics; Classical mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.007146608,0.0001227896,0.0002017661,0.0005307344,0.004641099,0.0002575782,0.0008740546,0.0001718289,0.00001163364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003500145,0.00009581657,0.00007632203,0.003517991,0.005450174,0.000306664,0.0003287733,0.0005191091,9.113841e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004829195,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002602957,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006843036,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009143177,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952314,0.001149676,0.0003200339,0.0005896047,0.001609005,0.001100202],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948092,0.001900309,0.00003471246,0.0003905577,0.002631064,0.0002341419],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000108641,0.00006547239,0.000004886589,0.00003314797,0.00001515177,7.009277e-7,0.001677735,0.00004031103,0.003352069,0.7665308,0.0003901565,0.2277809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000655345,0.000241803,0.00165706,0.00006032085,0.000005310614,7.016334e-7,0.01216159,0.00177589,0.01050834,0.5691974,0.4035876,0.0001486339],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1237923,0.05215868,0.0005985578,0.0683495,0.0007374276,0.001792815,0.00001397652,0.0001792258,0.7523775],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9841143,0.006767479,0.00004746488,0.00003055633,0.0002272656,0.0003176383,0.000004384649,0.00001044752,0.008480485],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.860322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997705,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.126088129824854,"score_gpt":0.4429621643699472,"score_spread":0.3168740345450931,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}