{"id":"W4407199190","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c03449","title":"Interactions between DNA and a Pyrene-Labeled Surfactant Probed by Pyrene Excimer Formation, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Dynamic Light Scattering","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Langmuir","topic":"RNA Interference and Gene Delivery","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pyrene; Excimer; Transmission electron microscopy; Dynamic light scattering; Chemistry; Photochemistry; Scattering; Chemical physics; Pulmonary surfactant; Electron; DNA; Fluorescence; Materials science; Molecular physics; Optics; Nanotechnology; Nanoparticle; Physics; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004553619,0.0004459286,0.0003732145,0.0003613252,0.0002477636,0.0004458306,0.0002935505,0.0004592363,0.0006231762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005710707,0.0002714104,0.000333382,0.0004232359,0.000411194,0.0004659496,0.0003417986,0.000768021,0.0002663359],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004286079,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002550602,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007644668,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009974807,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996557,0.00005966262,0.00002244664,0.00007682298,0.0001246749,0.00006070056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994942,0.0001891295,0.0001238992,0.0000315942,0.00009677197,0.00006436475],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002971268,0.00001113988,0.0001093282,0.0000220357,0.00000422332,0.00002544378,0.00003151836,0.00007596675,0.9993007,0.00004893979,0.000003377615,0.000337701],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003654259,0.00009047013,0.0007273769,0.000003676659,0.000005725527,0.00005153176,0.00002977638,0.001318215,0.9974226,0.00002724636,0.0003149036,0.000004848268],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9879411,0.000749449,0.01029817,0.00003593888,0.000009935698,0.00003133966,0.0001042377,0.00004952286,0.0007803504],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9796276,0.001031128,0.01614941,0.00005975426,0.000009560965,0.00009019855,0.0002593113,0.00003002047,0.002742972],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007644668,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003109753,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004143989884689293,"score_gpt":0.2652382595323939,"score_spread":0.2610942696477047,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}