{"id":"W4407253046","doi":"10.1016/j.eneco.2025.108284","title":"Alberta's electricity futures market: An empirical analysis of price formation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy Economics","topic":"Electric Power System Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Futures contract; Futures market; Economics; Electricity market; Electricity; Financial economics; Econometrics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001273822,0.0002342752,0.0003810775,0.001196184,0.0007992423,0.001528942,0.0009515524,0.0006120445,0.00415275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007611325,0.0001947661,0.0003916514,0.002335555,0.0006572304,0.0008083023,0.0005691024,0.001185951,0.0004128898],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004939827,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003640548,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7343635,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6893319,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994674,0.0001222365,0.00002198998,0.00007176285,0.0002161571,0.0001003819],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9932613,0.003882203,0.0008897004,0.0003037475,0.001177273,0.0004857071],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008186938,0.0004052367,0.9053859,0.00008543259,0.000277256,0.001017316,0.001063706,0.03484859,0.001374876,0.015885,0.01290411,0.02593395],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005335702,0.0001214548,0.8617736,0.00002328698,0.00007954276,0.0002313748,0.001861178,0.1238185,0.0006000422,0.002733808,0.008640207,0.00006365145],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9885053,0.000306263,0.000987715,0.0004073792,0.00001463311,0.000032019,0.002016879,0.00003022906,0.007699687],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925653,0.0001624294,0.0004579175,0.00004076565,0.00001330653,0.00001017097,0.003070031,0.00001002024,0.003670156],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7343635,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5344018,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003919542320279362,"score_gpt":0.2048900261692056,"score_spread":0.2009704838489263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}