{"id":"W4407257821","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-443-24042-3.00014-x","title":"Introduction","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"","field":"","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003429531,0.001256385,0.0007096251,0.002229425,0.001212704,0.004671362,0.001465689,0.001618523,0.6822365],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001029974,0.0004967198,0.0007201466,0.00218471,0.0005307472,0.003039522,0.002088611,0.00179424,0.6299868],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001113817,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0014464,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003062405,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005576865,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996499,0.00002569387,0.00001149646,0.00006848088,0.0002042742,0.00004024082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996533,0.00005307518,0.00001338296,0.00005313595,0.0001468697,0.00008030899],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002010277,0.00004491473,0.00005289105,0.0002011551,0.000002155654,0.00004338576,0.00007975739,0.0001439763,0.0005152445,0.01490092,0.7765524,0.2074431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000170174,0.000005393013,0.00006652306,0.00007681742,0.000001069225,0.00003337027,0.0000252378,0.00002294321,0.00006309212,0.001804049,0.9978975,0.000002322959],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001848261,0.002479406,0.001445373,0.0007606594,0.001821093,0.00006168358,0.0007986595,0.0005271613,0.9919211],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003415614,0.001189967,0.0004364548,0.0002289226,0.0002359642,0.0000216544,0.0004958931,0.0001448519,0.9969047],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3177635,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4532511,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01145374680717414,"score_gpt":0.2369328826295045,"score_spread":0.2254791358223304,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}