{"id":"W4407260526","doi":"10.1038/s43247-025-02080-z","title":"Applying equity principles leads to higher carbon removal obligations in Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications Earth & Environment","topic":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Balsillie School of International Affairs; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Government of Canada; ClimateWorks Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation","keywords":"Equity (law); Carbon fibers; Business; Political science; Computer science; Law; Algorithm","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001242142,0.000140979,0.0001634039,0.00016315,0.00004643386,0.00001847967,0.0008177609,0.00006346843,0.0000204231],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003219984,0.0001681827,0.0000275664,0.0003142358,0.00006784772,0.00002920125,0.000903157,0.000301951,0.00001439802],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001145479,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001158169,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07711156,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5886318,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991112,0.00003283292,0.0002919074,0.0001687339,0.0001520395,0.0002432227],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978573,0.00009361623,0.00002441347,0.001968873,0.000006658221,0.00004909681],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008233622,0.0001265802,0.06062727,0.00009892856,0.0001149466,0.0000198476,0.0003018414,0.7630032,0.05313303,0.04735176,0.002267891,0.07294646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003209075,0.000009945009,0.2580426,0.000126083,0.0000293773,0.000002942957,0.0002987182,0.02262857,0.01078253,0.0007400169,0.706573,0.0004453442],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9127102,0.004343435,0.0006286199,0.004410987,0.0002274493,0.001180853,0.00001993287,0.0004671689,0.07601131],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9910228,0.0004752124,0.007078622,0.0001600315,0.000006217496,0.0006695758,0.00001398968,0.00001694753,0.0005565858],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7403746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9290341,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02961471828346418,"score_gpt":0.2400689613506031,"score_spread":0.2104542430671389,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}