{"id":"W4407289658","doi":"10.24018/ejmed.2025.7.1.2245","title":"Factors Explaining Japan’s Low COVID-19 Mortality: Comparison with Rich and Democratic Countries","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","topic":"Global Health Care Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Democracy; 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Development economics; Political science; Geography; Economics; Virology; Medicine; Outbreak; Politics; Internal medicine; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006089337,0.0002159412,0.0003088647,0.001480135,0.0007368694,0.0008385006,0.0001655019,0.0002542182,0.001484076],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001893525,0.0001429421,0.0003908898,0.001668248,0.0004786033,0.0004780081,0.0008073925,0.000359199,0.00017339],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004948081,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000548123,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01580567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02141332,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996118,0.00007841059,0.00006287107,0.00006368696,0.00005420606,0.0001289429],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998727,0.0001330056,0.0005798648,0.00005282813,0.0001328475,0.0003745006],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003764758,0.00001863815,0.9971239,0.00001645646,0.00002985119,0.00007768244,0.0005054278,0.00003004477,0.0001012891,0.00007184863,0.0001011538,0.001886104],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001799566,0.00001808775,0.9986785,0.000007812293,0.00001382827,0.0000557913,0.0008990583,0.00004350691,0.00001336542,0.00002996563,0.0002361324,0.000002101998],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977704,0.0004312104,0.00003257334,0.0002181481,0.00000687084,0.000004346849,0.0001529696,0.000001458087,0.001382006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995201,0.0001932917,0.00002080489,0.00003170882,0.00001287614,0.000002848124,0.0001134932,0.000001220194,0.0001037944],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01580567,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03142732,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1948789179195846,"score_gpt":0.5151526917142447,"score_spread":0.3202737737946602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}