{"id":"W4407301460","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120768","title":"Numerical investigation of flow field characteristics and key structural parameters impact in ice air jet based on Laval nozzle","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Plasma and Flow Control in Aerodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Science Fund for Creative Research Groups; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Nozzle; Jet (fluid); Mechanics; Aerospace engineering; Field (mathematics); Flow (mathematics); Computer simulation; Engineering; Materials science; Mechanical engineering; Environmental science; Physics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002245281,0.0002647041,0.0005052668,0.0004213431,0.0006063108,0.000694786,0.0005280033,0.0009155688,0.001932007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007546034,0.0002009049,0.0004806471,0.0004202237,0.0006123401,0.0004226364,0.0002823709,0.000357736,0.0001133439],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004179104,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003708084,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00596281,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002443444,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998788,0.00002006638,0.000006621256,0.00002261915,0.00004069036,0.00003116059],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995965,0.0002156763,0.0000529964,0.00002346333,0.00007575805,0.00003556863],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005008706,0.0003669928,0.01225143,0.0002391408,0.00005284509,0.001152759,0.0002075174,0.9083932,0.06210455,0.002986634,0.0007406459,0.01100337],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005780453,0.0002152041,0.00650439,0.00001286692,0.0000199269,0.00008397189,0.0001313571,0.9846321,0.007724917,0.0001859389,0.0004114074,0.00002017048],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9822275,0.0001900989,0.007582732,0.0001043237,0.0000439332,0.00003579184,0.0001388535,0.00010948,0.009567402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976028,0.00008245057,0.001358397,0.00000964647,0.000006002324,0.00001055401,0.00004852301,0.000007232979,0.0008745244],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00596281,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0118562,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00409033868060282,"score_gpt":0.212404537882994,"score_spread":0.2083141992023911,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}