{"id":"W4407303039","doi":"10.1007/s41660-025-00489-9","title":"Optimal Risk Management in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Design Under Environmental and Economic Changes: A Case Study in Saudi Arabia’s Climate","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability","topic":"Energy and Environment Impacts","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis on Organizations","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Grid; Climate change; Environmental science; Business; Environmental resource management; Environmental planning; Geography; Engineering; Geology; Electrical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001503251,0.0008529412,0.0006737024,0.0005340353,0.0008591724,0.00188041,0.0007263373,0.001707108,0.001414765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002053651,0.0004796885,0.0008406646,0.0003826428,0.0005579604,0.0008277604,0.0007230672,0.0006535938,0.00008064892],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001701486,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001185067,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01543111,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01502617,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993932,0.0002871038,0.00002215898,0.00006756385,0.00009652864,0.0001333782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986833,0.0009170686,0.0001233559,0.00004218077,0.0001639674,0.00007016582],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001094394,0.00008227873,0.002386975,0.00004806481,0.00003613922,0.0003853156,0.0001012092,0.9885047,0.001510684,0.001140281,0.0001423259,0.005552562],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000217907,0.0001450932,0.00175566,0.000007833645,0.00004626104,0.00007326464,0.000227217,0.9952767,0.001097906,0.001063138,0.0002733373,0.00001191198],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9520843,0.0004140475,0.04147106,0.0002863872,0.00002183593,0.0000901281,0.00008226019,0.00007359409,0.005476418],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961338,0.00004750912,0.003200891,0.000006820873,0.000002794581,0.000008785933,0.00001555541,0.00000712381,0.0005766048],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01543111,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03068256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01036777451591622,"score_gpt":0.2573134258941378,"score_spread":0.2469456513782216,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}