{"id":"W4407307115","doi":"10.3390/machines13020125","title":"Power Transformer Prognostics and Health Management Using Machine Learning: A Review and Future Directions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Machines","topic":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Prognostics; Transformer; Reliability engineering; Computer science; Engineering; Machine learning; Electrical engineering; Voltage","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001552277,0.0008829727,0.001441416,0.002364216,0.0002941506,0.001360775,0.001046886,0.001398228,0.00335385],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002580659,0.0003484976,0.001038139,0.002953447,0.0004416239,0.002127025,0.0006305784,0.001415332,0.001404921],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006281234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001726853,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001566044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001907187,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995955,0.00007973125,0.00007601939,0.00007808724,0.0001387814,0.00003192428],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976342,0.001560482,0.0002070099,0.00004413552,0.000486647,0.00006753027],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005393954,0.00009093704,0.000364452,0.02712692,0.0001613858,0.0001007502,0.00009018161,0.0008905051,0.0005663966,0.00414784,0.01799233,0.9484144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002905826,0.0002753592,0.002233893,0.02105376,0.0007482718,0.001127534,0.0002185303,0.001290213,0.0008822028,0.006903357,0.9651611,0.00007667471],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000138981,0.9982165,0.0003979662,0.0004704985,0.0001702898,0.000005706738,0.00001929057,0.00001097028,0.0005697741],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001250796,0.9975643,0.0004338104,0.0002317272,0.0002305873,0.000007981787,0.00003232581,0.000002562148,0.0002459904],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00335385,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0112198,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01949077214620215,"score_gpt":0.3014236317047524,"score_spread":0.2819328595585502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}