{"id":"W4407312383","doi":"10.5539/jas.v17n3p37","title":"Investigation of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.) Resistance to Propanil, Quinclorac, Cyhalofop, Glyphosate, Imazethapyr, Bispyribac, and Florpyauxifen-benzyl in Mississippi Rice Fields","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Agricultural Science","topic":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Propanil; Echinochloa crus-galli; Echinochloa; Agronomy; Herbicide resistance; Paddy field; Biology; Weed; Weed control","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001810398,0.0002028217,0.0001689666,0.0003859517,0.0003451176,0.0001956725,0.0002117832,0.0002319857,0.0003048062],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001427689,0.0001113027,0.0001932226,0.0002351533,0.0001247207,0.0001318457,0.0001808725,0.0002406417,0.00007499161],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005350559,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003385962,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02575089,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06211532,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998429,0.00001877945,0.00001235686,0.00005576427,0.00004142374,0.00002867516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997701,0.00002477927,0.00006512344,0.00001178767,0.00007057221,0.00005773029],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001519883,0.0001412677,0.04295847,0.00005245417,0.0000202929,0.0001306516,0.0002300104,0.0000661017,0.9524949,0.00002117401,0.00004810652,0.00368449],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001487141,0.001481509,0.960992,0.000006673818,0.00002963952,0.0002021204,0.0004349076,0.0002853863,0.03535848,0.00001120852,0.001173622,0.000009575534],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9994435,0.00009279817,0.00007227708,0.00001043611,0.000001205484,0.00001311467,0.0001775976,0.000004210635,0.0001848933],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967108,0.000186336,0.0006969113,0.00005874404,0.000001910902,0.00002750449,0.001068868,0.000003453033,0.001245556],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02575089,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05120206,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00833449339992089,"score_gpt":0.2275498258163926,"score_spread":0.2192153324164717,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}