{"id":"W4407324525","doi":"10.1042/bst20241419","title":"Advances in nanobody multimerization and multispecificity: from <i>in vivo</i> assembly to <i>in vitro</i> production","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Biochemical Society Transactions","topic":"Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Avidity; In vivo; In vitro; Epitope; Computational biology; Antigen; Affinity maturation; Antibody; Chemistry; Biology; Biochemistry; Combinatorial chemistry; Genetics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000170391,0.0003625759,0.001176051,0.0002165483,0.00006487664,0.00002141306,0.0001171324,0.0004530606,0.00004402612],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006732656,0.0003248307,0.0003883131,0.001286827,0.0001002647,0.0001094303,0.00002320654,0.0008021476,0.000008423399],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003068979,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000189088,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007823841,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002223715,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977375,0.0000903503,0.0006551051,0.0008125819,0.000308635,0.0003958002],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99921,0.0002934498,0.00006865402,0.0002185457,0.00004925354,0.000160105],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002651017,0.0007880184,0.00009716547,0.01128907,0.00006697165,0.00001537263,0.0002834878,0.00001266197,0.07093093,0.000003796456,0.0005456791,0.9157017],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009911084,0.00005402563,0.0001044503,0.01577611,0.0002420441,0.00001503773,0.0001522367,0.0002538797,0.0259496,0.00001450382,0.9559187,0.0005283347],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001600272,0.9939315,0.001024336,0.000847534,0.0002147299,0.001709561,0.0004092251,0.00003736694,0.0002254604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0005897926,0.9939874,0.003598262,0.0001320081,0.0001482743,0.0003516255,0.0003508731,0.00002896123,0.0008128355],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.955373,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999204,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02318182832910642,"score_gpt":0.347665979164679,"score_spread":0.3244841508355726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}