{"id":"W4407342358","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202453014","title":"<i>Euclid</i>: A complete Einstein ring in NGC 6505","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Perimeter Institute; University of Waterloo; University of Toronto","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy; Agenția Spațială Română; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Division of Astronomical Sciences; Norsk Romsenter; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; European Commission; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; W. M. Keck Foundation; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Magyar Tudományos Akadémia; National Science Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; California Institute of Technology; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología; European Space Agency; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Physics; Einstein ring; Astrophysics; Einstein radius; Galaxy; Gravitational lens; Redshift; Velocity dispersion; Photometric redshift; Astronomy; Lens (geology); Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002136415,0.0002425411,0.0001350237,0.0007180181,0.0002909409,0.0006021667,0.0002209794,0.0002074686,0.001308531],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004226297,0.0001053515,0.0001707878,0.0005060891,0.0003184173,0.0003456403,0.000516673,0.0001245312,0.0004628603],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003382999,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001643407,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003948507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004974034,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998156,0.00001349703,0.00001208563,0.00008493694,0.00004470671,0.00002918686],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995993,0.00002161473,0.0002240026,0.00005511804,0.00003611983,0.00006385596],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002833945,0.00004430641,0.8432019,0.0002029917,0.0001766738,0.001426584,0.001027112,0.003942526,0.08820755,0.009973152,0.006730629,0.04478328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000756245,0.0001409895,0.9479585,0.00003442198,0.00004362045,0.001820233,0.0001627786,0.003266705,0.009571442,0.0007322576,0.03623951,0.00002207846],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9838291,0.0009548523,0.003847737,0.00007208967,0.00002695344,0.00001015285,0.001168651,0.0002592464,0.009831212],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9955652,0.0001050043,0.002321336,0.00002943367,0.00001453167,0.000002205756,0.0011042,0.00001870369,0.0008394031],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003948507,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007851064,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006613998989223253,"score_gpt":0.200064064718626,"score_spread":0.1934500657294027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}