{"id":"W4407361087","doi":"10.3390/pr13020498","title":"Variable-Speed Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on BDVMD, FRTSMFrBSIE, and Parameter-Optimized GRU-MHSA","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Processes","topic":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China; University of Ottawa","keywords":"Variable (mathematics); Bearing (navigation); Fault (geology); Computer science; Mathematics; Statistics; Artificial intelligence; Geology; Mathematical analysis; Seismology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002052493,0.0003420574,0.0003963696,0.0003294541,0.0001001635,0.0001721418,0.0002742269,0.0001635907,0.0001049913],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001345502,0.0003355447,0.00004750022,0.0007261415,0.00004775406,0.0002003985,0.00007281599,0.0002910156,0.00001136324],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006720392,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005781183,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001010404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002580803,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986516,0.00003099167,0.0003257705,0.0004122046,0.0002093384,0.000370144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981332,0.001258494,0.00004762426,0.0003552224,0.0001123516,0.00009315029],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005502276,0.002257284,0.2705028,0.03975645,0.0009429443,0.0001050381,0.0009653065,0.4509218,0.003503751,0.003269081,0.132042,0.09518336],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003332935,0.0002900505,0.002997595,0.003051541,0.0003113898,0.00000555581,0.00005844075,0.6105026,0.2903851,0.006401129,0.08096781,0.001695925],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4784661,0.01887179,0.3516427,0.002838313,0.001960934,0.004904615,0.0003076774,0.01643741,0.1245705],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9398144,0.001397359,0.05703373,0.0008134831,0.00005818829,0.0006331583,0.00002918155,0.00007802443,0.0001424506],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4613484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999096,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009247684820495882,"score_gpt":0.2612226405801322,"score_spread":0.2519749557596363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}